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EUROPEAN PRESSURE ULCER ADVISORY PANEL

Literature Review: Pressure redistributing beds and mattresses

What pressures do these devices apply?
The previous issue of the EPUAP Review presented the protocol for a literature review of the pressures applied by special beds and mattresses and the effects of such pressures on pressure ulcer development. Since the publication of the last EPUAP Review, relevant publications have been identified through the use of electronic data-bases (MEDLINE, CINHAL and RECAL) and hand-searching of relevant journals and conference proceedings. In this issue we print the list of references identified to date, both as a resource for EPUAP members and also to search for publications known to members but unreported in the following listing. If you have knowledge of additional references that should also be included please contact the editor at: mclark@glam.ac.uk or send your information to the EPUAP Business Office in Oxford.

Reference list covering pressure measurements made upon special beds and mattresses:
Abu-Own A, Sommerville K, Scurr JH, Coleridge Smith PD. Effects of compression and type of bed surface on the microcirculation of the heel. Euro J of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery 1995; 9(3): 327–34.

Allen V, Ryan D, Murray A. Repeatability of subject/bed pressure measurements. J of Biomedical Engineering 1993; 15: 329–332.

Allen V, Ryan D, Lomax N. Accuracy of interface pressure measurement systems. J of Biomedical Engineering 1993; 15: 344–8.

Allen V, Ryan D, Murray A. Air-fluidized beds and their ability to distribute interface pressures generated between the subject and the bed surface. Physiological Measurement 1993; 14: 359–364.

Allen V, Murray A. Measurements of interface pressure between body sites and the surfaces of four specialised air mattresses. British J of Clinical Practice 1994; 48: 125–129.

Bader DL, Barnhill RL, Ryan TJ. Effect of externally applied skin surface forces on tissue vasculature. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1986; 67(11): 807–11.

Bader D. The recovery characteristics of soft tissues following repeated loading. J of Rehabilitation Research and Development 1990; 27: 141–150.

Bader D. Pressure Ulcers and the Spinal Cord Injured Patient (Abstract). Second European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Open Meeting. Oxford, 1998.

Bain D. Testing the effectiveness of patient support systems: The importance of indentor geometry. J of Tissue Viability 1998; 8(1): 15–17.

Barnett RI, Ablarde JA. Skin Vascular Reaction to Standard Patient Positioning on a Hospital Mattress. Advances in Wound Care 1994; 7(1): 58–65.

Barnett RI, Shelton FE. Measurement of support surface efficacy: pressure [corrected] [published erratum appears in Adv Wound Care 1997 Mar–Apr; 11(2): 94]. Advances in Wound Care: the Journal for Prevention and Healing 1997; 10(7): 21–9.

Barton AA. Pressure sores viewed by electron microscope and thermographically. Geriatrics. 1973; 28(10): 143–7.

Beach R, Thompson D. Selected soft-tissue research: an overview from Carville. Physical Therapy 1979; 59: 30–33.

Bennett L, Kavner D, Lee B. Shear v pressure as causative factors in skin blood flow. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1979; 60: 309–314.

Bennett L, Lee M, Lee B. Paraplegic pressure sore frequency versus circulation measurements. J of Rehabilitation Research and Development 1990; 27: 115–126.

Berjian RA, Douglass HO, Holyoke ED, Goodwin PM, Priore RL. Skin pressure measurements on various mattress surfaces in can-cer patients. American J of Physical Medicine 1983; 62(5): 217–26.

Blenkinsop G. An evaluation of the Vaperm mattress: Salisbury Health Authority 1985–6. Care Science and Pract. 1988; 6(3): 81–3.

Bogie K, Nuseibeh I, Bader D. Peri-operative transcutaneous blood gas assessment in SCI patients with pressure ulcers. In: Harding K, Leaper D, Turner T, eds. Proceedings of the First European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Cardiff: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1991: 129–130.

Bos W, de Koning J. Description, pathogenesis and prevention of ulcers caused by tangential forces on the skin. In: Harding K, Cherry G, Dealey C, Turner T, eds. Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Harrogate: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1992: 167–9.

Bosboom E, Bouten C, Oomens C. The aetiology of pressure sores – influence of mechanical load on muscle tissue (abstract). J of Biomechanics 1998; 31(Suppl 1):144.

Brearley M, Motloch W. A mechanically-actuated wave mattress. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 1978; 2: 79–80.

Bridel-Nixon J, McElvenny D, Brown J, Mason S. Intra-operative pressure sore risk: a prognostic factor analysis. In: Leaper D, Cherry G, Cockbill S, eds. New Approaches to the Management of Chronic Wounds. Milan: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1997: 66.

Burman P. Using pressure measurements to evaluate different technologies. Decubitus 1993; 6(3): 38–42.

Campi F, Magliaro A, Romanelli M, et al. Skin hardness and transcutaneous oxygen tension in neuropathic diabetic feet. In: Leaper D, Cherry G, Cockbill S, eds. New Approaches to the Management of Chronic Wounds. Milan: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1997: 89–91.

Catz A, Philo O, Gilad N. Feasibility study of a novel approach to sore prevention in patients with spinal cord lesions: the computerised dynamic control Matrix 200 system. Clinical Rehabilitation 1999; 13: 44–47.

Chan JSL, Kelley ML, Khan J. The effects of a pressure relief mattress on postnatal head molding in very low birth weight infants. Neonatal Network J of Neonatal Nursing 1993; 12(5): 19–22.

Chen W-S, Higashi L, Chang M. Characteristics of the internal tissue stress: a study using a heel contact model (abstract). Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1999; 80: 1180.

Clark M. Continuous interface pressure measurement using an electro pneumatic sensor: the SCP Monitor. Care Science and Practice 1987; 5(2): 5–8.

Clark M, et al. Comparison of contact pressures measured at the sacrum of young and elderly subjects. J Biomed Eng. 1989; 11(3): 197–9.

Clark M. A comparison between the contact pressures exerted at skeletal prominences by a standard foam mattress and the ‘Sof Care Plus’ inflatable mattress. Care Science and Practice 1989; 7(1): 3–4.

Clark M, Rowland L. Preventing pressure sores: matching patient and mattress using interface pressure measurements. Decubitus 1989; 2(1): 34–39.

Clark M. Comparison of the pressure redistributing attributes of a selection of bed mattresses used to prevent pressure sores. J of Tissue Viability 1991; 1: 65–67.

Clark M, Andrews J. Comparison of interface pressures measured at the sacrum while resting upon two types of foam mattresses and between Platilon and plastic mattress covers. Age and Ageing 1991; 20: 267–270.

Clark M. Problems associated with the measurement of interface (or contact) pressure. J of Tissue Viability 1994; 4: 37–42.

Clark M. Are contact pressure measurements useful when selecting pressure-redistributing support surfaces? In: Leaper DL, Cherry GW, Dealey C, eds. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Amsterdam: Macmillan Press, 1996: 44–45.

Clark M. The aetiology of superficial sacral pressure sores. In: Leaper DL, Cherry GW, Dealey C, eds. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Amsterdam: Macmillan Press, 1996: 167–169.

Clubb M. Water Vapour Permeable Materials for Mattress Coverings. J of Tissue Viability 1988; 8(1): 12–14.

Colin D, Beaudet K, Abraham P, Saumet J-L. Evaluation of three low-airflow supports using transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements. In: Cherry G, Gottrup F, Lawrence J, Moffatt C, Turner T, eds. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Harrogate: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1995: 22–25.

Colin D, Abraham P, Preault L, Bregeon C, Saumet J-L. Comparison of 90 degree and 30 degree laterally inclined positions in the prevention of pressure sores using transcutaneous oxygen and transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressures. In: Cherry G, Gottrup F, Lawrence J, Moffatt C, Turner T, eds. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Harrogate: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1995: 226–228.

Colin D, Loyant R, Abraham P, Saumet J. Changes in sacral transcutaneous oxygen tension in the evaluation of different mattresses in the prevention of pressure ulcers. Advances in Wound Care: the Journal for Prevention and Healing 1996; 9(1): 25–8.

Colin D. Comparison of 90° and 30° laterally inclined positions in the prevention of pressure ulcers using transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures. Advances in Wound Care 1996; 9(3): 35–38.

Colin D, Desvaux B, Bregeon C, Saumet J-L. Comparison of two pressure-relieving devices in high-risk patients using interface pressure and tcpO2 measurement. In: Leaper D, Cherry G, Dealey C, Lawrence J, Turner T, eds. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Amsterdam: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1996: 191.

Colin D, Desvaux B, Finger M, Martin C. Evaluation of an air-relieving pressure mattress in high risk patients using interface pressure and tcpO2 measurement. In: Leaper D, Dealey C, Franks P, Hofman D, Moffatt C, eds. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Harrogate: EMAP Healthcare Ltd, 1997: 126.

Colin D, Abraham P, Nadeau G, Saumet J. Changes in ischial transcutaneous oxygen tension in spinal cord-injured patients according to the position of the wheelchair foot rest. In: Leaper D, Cherry G, Cockbill S, eds. New Approaches to the Management of Chronic Wounds. Milan: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1997: 88–89.

Collier ME. Pressure-reducing mattresses. J of Wound Care 1996; 5(5): 207–211.

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Counsell C, Seymour S, Guin P, Hudson A. Interface skin pressures on four pressure-relieving devices. J of Enterostomal Therapy 1990; 17(4): 150–3.

Crisp AH, Stonehill E, Eversden ID. The design of a motility bed including its calibration for the subject’s weight. Medical and Biological Engineering 1970; 8: 455–463

Cullum N, Deeks J, Fletcher A, et al. The prevention and treatment of pressure sores. Effective Health Care 1995; 2(1): 1–16.

Czerniecki J, Harrington R, Wyss C. The effects of age and peripheral vascular disease on the circulatory and mechanical response of skin to loading. American J of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1990; 69: 302–306.

David J. A Survey of the Use of the LAL Bed in the UK. Care Science and Practice 1986; 4(3): 32–36.

Davis M, Newman P. Skin temperature measurement with respect to pressure sores and their development. Care Science and Practice 1981; 1(1): 46–49.

de Laat E. The influence of 30° laterally inclined position on the haemodynamic condition of IC Patients following coronary artery surgery (Abstract). Third European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Open Meeting. Amsterdam, 1999.

Dealey C. A Comparative Study of Two Types of Foam Within Vaperm Mattresses. J of Tissue Viability 1992; 2(2): 69.

Dealey C, Davies J, Davies C, et al. A study of the peri-operative period to identify factors relating to pressure sore development in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In: Cherry G, Gottrup F, Lawrence J, Moffatt C, Turner T, eds. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Harrogate: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1995: 90–91.

Dealey C. Managing pressure sore prevention: the effective use of pressure-relieving equipment. In: Leaper D, Cherry G, Cockbill S, eds. New Approaches to the Management of Chronic Wounds. Milan: Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1997: 17–18.

Defloor T. The effect of posture and mattress on the development of pressure ulcers. In: Leaper D, Dealey C, Franks P, Hofman D, Moffatt C, eds. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Harrogate: EMAP Healthcare Ltd, 1997: 121.

Defloor T, Grypdonck M, Haalboom J. The effect of different turning intervals on the development of pressure ulcers (abstract). Third European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Open Meeting. Amsterdam, 1999.

Dinsdale S. Decubitus ulcers: role of pressure and friction in causation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1974; 55: 147–152.

Ek A-C, Lewis DH, Zetterqvist H, Svensson P-G. Skin blood flow in an area at risk for pressure sore. Scandinavian J of Rehab. Medicine 1984; 16: 85–89.

Ek A-C, Gustavsson G, Lewis DH. The Local Skin Blood Flow in Areas at Risk for Pressure Sores Treated With Massage. Scandinavian J of Rehab. Medicine 1985; 17(2): 81–86.

Ek A-C, Gustavsson G, Lewis DH. Skin blood flow in relation to external pressure and temperature in the supine position on a standard hospital mattress. Scandinavian J of Rehab. Medicine 1987; 19: 121–126.

Ewald U, et al. Skin reactive hyperemia recorded by a combined TcPO2 and laser Doppler sensor. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1987; 220: 231–4.

Ferguson-Pell M, Hagisawa S. Biochemical changes in sweat following prolonged ischemia. J of Rehab. Research and Development 1988; 25(3): 57–62.

Ferguson-Pell M, Cardi M. Pressure mapping systems. TeamRehab Report 1992; 3(7): 28–32.

Ferguson-Pell M, Hagisawa S, Masiello RD. A skin indentation system using a pneumatic bellows [published erratum appears in J Rehabil Res Dev 1994; 31(2): 178]. J of Rehab. Research and Development 1994; 31(1): 15–9.

Flam E, Isayeva E, Kipervas Y, Shklyarevsky V, Raab L. Skin temperature and moisture management with a low air loss surface. Ostomy Wound Management 1995; 41(9): 50–2.

Fletcher J, Billingham G. Mattress replacements: assessment and evaluation. J of Tissue Viability 1993; 3: 123–126.

Fontaine R, Risley S, Castellino R. A quantitative analysis of pressure and shear in the effectiveness of support surfaces. Journal of Wocn 1998; 25(5): 233–9.

Frantz R, Xakellis GC, Arteaga M. The effects of prolonged pressure on skin blood flow in elderly patients at risk for pressure ulcers. Decubitus 1993; 6(6): 16–20.

Garfin SR, et al. Surface pressure distribution of the human body in the recumbent position. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1980; 61(9): 409–13.

Gebhardt K. The evidence for support surfaces (Abstract). Second European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Open Meeting. Oxford, 1998.

Goossens RH, Zegers R, Hoek van Dijke GA, Snijders CJ. Influence of shear on skin oxygen tension. Clinical Physiology 1994; 14(1): 111–8.

Goossens R, Snijders C. Design criteria for the reduction of shear forces in beds. J of Biomechanics 1995; 28: 225–230.

Goossens R. Biomechanics of body support; a study of load distribution, shear, decubitus risk and form (PhD thesis summary). J of Rehabilitation Science 1995; 8: 63–64.

Goossens RH, et al. Shear stress measured on beds and wheelchairs. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1997; 29(3): 131–6.

Gorton B, Thorne L, Rithalia S. An Evaluation of Eight Non-Mechanical Mattresses and Overlays (abstract). J of Tissue Viability 1992; 2(2): 67.

Gorton B, Driscoll P, Rithalia S. Comparison of Pressure Distribution in Hospital trolley Mattresses and Overlays (Abstract). J of Tissue Viability 1993; 3(1): 33–34.

Grant L. Interface pressure measurement between a patient and a support surface. Care – The British J of Rehabilitation and Tissue Viability 1985; 1(1): 7–9.

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Hagisawa S, Ferguson-Pell M, Cardi M, Miller SD. Assessment of skin blood content and oxygenation in spinal cord injured subjects during reactive hyperemia [published erratum appears in J Rehab. Res. Dev. 1994; 31(2): 178]. J of Rehab. Research and Development 1994; 31(1): 1–14.

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